Coordinate Conjunctions (yet so but etc )

CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions are words used as joiners.

Different kinds of conjunctions join different kinds of grammatical structures.

The following are the kinds of conjunctions:

       

A. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS (FANBOYS)

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another:

            words to words,          phrases to phrases,          clauses to clauses.

Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other conjunctions do.

Coordinating conjunctions go in between items joined, not at the beginning or end.

 Punctuation with coordinating conjunctions:

When a coordinating conjunction joins two words, phrases, or subordinate clauses, no comma should be placed before the conjunction.

           

A coordinating conjunction joining three or more words, phrases, or subordinate clauses creates a series and requires commas between the elements.

           

A coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses creates a compound sentence and requires a comma before the coordinating conjunction

          

B. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

either. . .or	both. . . and
neither. . . nor	not only. . .  but also

             

These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each one.

C. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

These conjunctions join independent clauses together.

The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs:

after all

in addition

next

also	incidentally	nonetheless
as a result	indeed	on the contrary
besides	in fact	on the other hand
consequently	in other words	otherwise
finally	instead	still
for example	likewise	then
furthermore	meanwhile	therefore
hence	moreover	thus
however	nevertheless

Punctuation:

Place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma after the conjunctive adverb

 D. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

These words are commonly used as subordinating conjunctions

after	in order (that)	Unless
Although	insofar as	Until
As	in that	When
as far as	lest	whenever
as soon as	no matter how	Where
as if	now that	wherever
as though	once	Whether
Because	provided (that)	While
Before	since	Why
even if	so that
even though	supposing (that)
How	than
If	that
inasmuch as	though
in case (that)	till

Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they make one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.

A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two clauses in a sentence.

A subordinate conjunction usually provides a tighter connection between clauses than a coordinating conjunctions does.

Loose:	It is raining, so we have an umbrella.
Tight:	Because it is raining, we have an umbrella.

           

Punctuation Note:

When the dependent clause is placed first in a sentence, use a comma between                              the two clauses.  When the independent clause is placed first and the dependent                        clause second, do not separate the two clauses with a comma.

Noun Clause

Noun Clause

Pengertian noun clause

Noun clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai nomina. Karena fungsinya sebagai nomina, maka noun clause dapat menduduki posisi-posisi berikut:

1. Subjek kalimat (subject of a sentence)
2. Objek verba transitif (object of a transitive verb)
3. Objek preposisi (object of a preposition)
4. Pelengkap (complement)
5. Pemberi keterangan tambahan (noun in apposition)

 

Menurut jenis kalimat asalnya, Noun Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu:

1. Statement (pernyataan)
2. Question (pertanyaan)
3. Request (permintaan)
4. Exclamation (seruan).

Penjelasan:

1. Statement

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: “that”

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• Kangaroo lives in Australia (statement)
• That Kangaroo lives is Australia is well known to all (Noun Clause)

2) Subjek Kalimat setelah “It”

• It is well known to all that Kangaroo lives in Australia

3) Objek Pelengkap

• My conclusion is that Kangaroo lives in Australia

4) Objek Kata Kerja

• All people understand well that Kangaroo lives in Australia

5) Apositif

• My conclusion that Kangaroo lives is Australia is correct.

2.      Question

A. Yes/No Question

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: “whether (or not/or if)”

A. Noun Clause sebagai Subjek Kalimat

 Contoh:
What you said doesn’t convince me at all.
How he becomes so rich makes people curious.
What the salesman has said is untrue.
That the world is round is a fact.

B. Noune Clause sebgai Subjek Transitif

Contoh :

I know what you mean.I don’t understand what he is talking about.
He said that his son would study in Australia.
Verba yang dapat diikuti noun clause dalam hal ini that-clause antara lain adalah:
admit : mengakui
realize : menyadari
announce : mengumumkan
recommend : menganjurkan
believe : percaya
remember : ingat
deny : menyangkal
reveal : menyatakan, mengungkapkan
expect : mengharapkan
say : mengatakan
find : menemukan
see : melihat
forget : lupa
stipulate : menetapkan
hear : mendengar
suggest : menganjurkan
inform : memberitahukan
suppose : mengira
know : tahu, mengetahui
think : pikir, berpendapat
promise : berjanji
understand : mengerti
propose : mengusulkan
wish : ingin, berharap

C. Noun Clause sebagai Object Preposition
 Contoh:
Please listen to what your teacher is saying.
Budi pays full attention to how the native speaker is pronouncing the English
word.
Be careful of what you’re doing.

D. Noun Clause sebagai Pelengkap
 Contoh:
The good news is that the culprit has been put into the jail.
This is what I want.
That is what you need.

E. Noun Clause sebagai Noun in Apposition   

 Contoh:
The idea that people can live without oxygen is unreasonable.
The fact that Rudi always comes late doesn’t surprise me.

HAVE SOMETHING DONE

HAVE SOMETHING DONE

Menyuruh sesuatu supaya dilakukan

Take a look at these two sentence. What is the different in meaning btwen them ?

Perhatikan 2 kalimat . Apa perbedaan arti diantara mereka ?

‘I cut my hair’

‘I have my hair cut’

‘I cut my hair’. Means that I do it my self.

‘I have my hair cut’. Means someone cuts my hair for me (in this case it’s probably a hairdresser).

We use have something done to mean another person does a service for us.

Kita menggunakan “HAVE SOMETHING DONE” maksudnya orang lain yang melakukan pelayanan kepada kita.

The grammar for this is pretty simple:

Tata bahasa :

Have + Object + Past participle -> This is a causative formula

Let’s take a look at a few more example:

Perhatikan beberapa contoh lagi:

‘We didn’t want to cook so we had a pizza delivered.’

Means they want someone delivered pizza for them

‘I had my car washed at that new place by the station’.

Means someone washed my car at that new place for me.

‘I had my watch fixed.’

Means someone fixed my watch for me

We can also use ‘get’(in informal English) instead of ‘had’ and the meaning stays the same. The sentence above now become:

Kita dapat juga menggunakan ‘get’(dalam inggris informal) dari pada ‘had’ dan artinya tetap sama.

FUTURE

Masa yang akan datang

‘I had my watch fixed’ tell us about the past.

Means someone fixed my watch for me

‘I am going to have/ge my watched fixed’ tell us about the future

Means someone will fixed my watch for me.

‘Going to’ tells us about a future plan that has already been made.

‘Going to’ memberitahukan tentang akan direncanakan yang sudah siap untuk dijalankan.

We use ‘will’ for something that has just been decided:

Kita menggunakan ‘will” untuk sesuatu yang diputuskan:

‘I just noticed how dirty my suit is. I will have/get it cleaned soon.’

Means someone will cleaned my suit soon for me.

QUESTIONS

Imagine that you like your friend’s new hair cut; you could ask her;

Bayangkan kamu suka potongan rambut temen kamu; kamu dapat bertanya padanya:

 ‘Where did you have/get your hair cut ?’

Answer: ‘Where did you get your hair cut ?’

Means we use ‘get’ because we ask our friend so this is in the informal conversations.

Maybe you have just moved to a new town and you decided that it is time for a hair cut; you can ask:

Mungkin kamu sudah pindah ke kota kamu dan kamu memutuskan ini adalah waktu untuk potong rambut; kamu dapat bertanya padanya:

‘Where can I have/get my hair cut?’

Answer:’Where can I have my hair cut?’

Means  we use ‘have’ because we ask someone in the new town so this is in the formal conversations